You may have heard the term "executive functioning skills" pop up more frequently in the educational world, especially after COVID. But what does it really mean? Simply put, executive functioning skills are the mental processes that help us plan, focus, remember instructions, and juggle multiple tasks. Think of it as the little voice in our heads that guides us through everyday activities.
At WeThrive Learning, we classify executive functioning skills into three key areas:
Working Memory: This is the ability to hold and manipulate information in your mind while completing a task. For example, following a recipe while cooking or remembering a phone number long enough to dial it. Working memory allows us to use existing knowledge to focus on and complete tasks.
Cognitive Flexibility: This refers to the ability to switch between different tasks or thoughts. Imagine driving while changing the radio station or adjusting to a change in plans. Cognitive flexibility is crucial for multitasking and adapting to new situations.
Inhibition: Inhibition is about self-control—resisting impulses and controlling our behaviors. This skill is different from cognitive flexibility because it’s about pausing and thinking before acting, rather than just shifting focus.
These categories aren't the entirety of executive functioning, but they are the ones we emphasize at WeThrive Learning.
The Development of Executive Functioning Skills
Executive functioning skills don’t come naturally; they develop over time. The brain’s prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for these skills, doesn’t fully mature until adulthood. For neurodivergent children, this development can be about 30% delayed. This means that their physical growth may not align with their cognitive abilities, leading to challenges in everyday tasks.
Understanding this helps us adjust our expectations and provide better support. It’s important to remember that while our genes provide the blueprint for these skills, they can be nurtured and developed through practice and experience.
Supporting the Development of Executive Functioning Skills
Supporting a child’s executive functioning development requires patience, consistency, and intentional practice. Here are some strategies to help:
Establish Routines at Home: Consistent routines create a sense of comfort and control for children. Using visual calendars can support their working memory and reduce decision fatigue. When children don’t have to make numerous decisions throughout the day, they can focus their energy on learning and growing.
Model Desired Behaviors: Children are keen observers and often mimic the behaviors of the adults around them. By modeling organization, time management, and self-control, you provide a living example for them to follow. Narrate your thought process, and when you slip up, use it as an opportunity to demonstrate self-reflection and accountability.
Encourage Flexible Thinking: Life doesn’t always go as planned, and showing children how to adapt is crucial. When something goes wrong, talk through your process of adjusting and finding a new solution. Emphasize empathy and the importance of seeing situations from different perspectives.
Build Predictable and Reliable Relationships: Children thrive in environments where they feel safe and understood. Fostering open communication and being vulnerable when you’re feeling overwhelmed can help your child feel secure. When they know they can rely on you, they are more likely to develop the confidence to tackle challenges.
Call to Action
If you’re feeling overwhelmed or unsure of how to support your child’s executive functioning skills, we’re here to help. Reach out for a free consultation to learn more about how we can work together to develop these essential skills and set your child up for success. Contact us today!